The history of Kerala can be traced back to the prehistoric period, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Neolithic era. Over the centuries, Kerala has been shaped by various empires, dynasties, and colonial powers.
The early history of Kerala is characterized by the presence of several small kingdoms and tribes, including the Chera, Chola, and Pandya dynasties. These kingdoms engaged in trade with other countries, particularly in spices, and also had cultural and linguistic exchanges.
In the 8th century AD, Kerala saw the emergence of the Kulasekhara dynasty, which established a united kingdom in the region. The Kulasekhara dynasty was followed by the Zamorin dynasty, which ruled the kingdom of Calicut in northern Kerala.
In the 15th century, the Portuguese arrived in Kerala and established their first settlement in Kochi. They were followed by the Dutch, who captured Kochi in the 17th century. Later, the British took control of the region, and Kerala became a part of British India in 1947.
Kerala played an active role in India’s freedom struggle, with several notable leaders from the region, including K. Kelappan, A.K. Gopalan, and E.M.S. Namboodiripad. After India’s independence, Kerala became a separate state in 1956.
Today, Kerala is known for its unique blend of culture and tradition, with influences from various civilizations that have shaped its history. It is also known for its progressive and inclusive approach to society, with a focus on education, healthcare, and social welfare.
Historical BG about Kerala
Kerala has a rich mythological background, with several myths and legends associated with its history and culture. Here are some of the most prominent ones:
- Legend of Parasurama: According to Hindu mythology, Kerala was created by the warrior sage Parasurama. Legend has it that Parasurama was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and was born to a Brahmin father and a Kshatriya mother. He is said to have thrown his axe into the sea, which caused the land of Kerala to emerge from the waters.
- Legend of Mahabali: The legend of Mahabali is associated with the festival of Onam, which is celebrated in Kerala. According to the legend, Mahabali was a benevolent demon king who ruled Kerala during a golden age. He was later defeated and banished to the netherworld by Lord Vishnu, who took the form of Vamana, a dwarf Brahmin, to trick Mahabali.
- Legend of Jatayu: Another prominent mythological story associated with Kerala is the legend of Jatayu, a giant bird from the Ramayana. According to the legend, Jatayu tried to rescue Sita, who had been abducted by the demon king Ravana, but was mortally wounded by Ravana in the process. It is said that Jatayu fell to the ground in Kerala, where he died and was later buried.
- Legend of Sabarimala: The hill shrine of Sabarimala in Kerala is associated with the legend of Lord Ayyappa, a Hindu deity who is believed to have been born of the union of Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu in the form of Mohini. The legend has it that Lord Ayyappa was found as an infant by the king of Pandalam, who raised him as his own son. Lord Ayyappa later became a great warrior and defeated a demon named Mahishi, who had been terrorizing the land. The temple of Sabarimala is believed to be the place where Lord Ayyappa meditated after his victory over Mahishi.
These are just a few of the many myths and legends associated with Kerala. They are an important part of Kerala’s culture and history, and continue to be celebrated and revered by the people of the state.